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 November 20, 2008

NPR Distribution, Managers of the Public Radio Satellite System

Digital Sound Files and the ContentDepot


Making Choices: File Formats (Page 1 of 2)

WAV files, AIFF, MP2, MP3, RealMedia...there are many possible formats for sound files. What format should you use for your production material and for your master sound file (the original, electronic file that you will keep on your system)? To get the highest possible audio quality for production and mastering purposes, use a non-data-reduced format, such as linear PCM (pulse code modulation), BWAV, WAV, AIFF, or SD2.

Note: Transcoding (converting your sound files from one format to another) degrades audio quality. Multiple transcodings (converting your master file from one format to another and then converting the newly encoded file to still another format) degrades audio quality further. Always begin with your non-data-reduced master sound file when encoding. Remember, additional transcodings may occur after you upload the file to the ContentDepot for delivery, as the program wends its way through the stations' broadcast facilities.

data reduction
Data Reduction vs. Data Compression
It is important not to confuse data reduction with data compression. Data compression reduces the size of a file, but retains all of the data that the non-compressed file originally contained. In data reduction, however, an audio or image file is sampled and "unnecessary" portions of the file are deleted and permanently lost. For an example, take a look at the MPEG 1 Layer II coder block diagram, which illustrates the data reduction that takes place in MP2 encoding.
 

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